Con gli altri imparo

Con gli altri imparo


Per crescere un bambino ci vuole un villaggio è un vecchio detto popolare.

 Il libro di Daniele Novara e di Elena Passerini “Con gli altri imparo” (ed. Erickson) si rivolge principalmente a insegnanti, educatori, formatori e counselor che lavorano nelle scuole, dalla primaria alla secondaria di secondo grado. Eppure io credo che i messaggi che porta in esso si rivolgano proprio a ognuno di noi, in quanto ognuno di noi fa parte di quel villaggio, di quella comunità in cui i bambini crescono. E sono messaggi forti, che puntano direttamente allo sviluppo di quelle capacità prosociali che possono salvare una società come la nostra, in crisi valoriale, confusa e spaventata. 

In tempi di Coronavirus, nell’ultima lezione on-line di italiano che ho tenuto a giugno con i gruppi dei miei alunni di quarta elementare, alcuni di loro hanno affermato che speravano che l’estate passasse in fretta per poter riabbracciare i propri compagni e le proprie maestre a settembre. Queste parole mi hanno molto colpita: quando in passato dei bambini di 9/10 anni avrebbero rinunciato alle agognate vacanze estive pur di ritornare presto a scuola? Eppure nel nostro gruppo classe i mesi di lockdown sono stati sì di lontananza fisica, ma non di lontananza sociale, poichè in qualche misura questi bambini si incontravano fra di loro e con noi maestre quotidianamente, seppur in modo virtuale. Anche le risate e le coccole non sono mancate. Finalmente ho capito quanto la scuola sia diventato un luogo di aggregazione spontanea e che solo gli adulti continuano a pensare che sia un luogo di aggregazione artificiale. In effetti in una società come la nostra, non solo nelle città purtroppo (il fenomeno ormai è molto più diffuso), la classe è uno dei pochi momenti di socializzazione con un certo numero di coetanei che le nuove generazioni hanno la possibilità di frequentare. I bimbi e i ragazzi vanno dunque a scuola con un’aspettativa sociale molto accentuata. Allora bisogna legittimamente cercare delle strategie metodologiche che garantiscano ai compagni di una classe, sia a scuola che al di fuori di essa, la possibilità di vivere questa funzione socio-affettiva, giacchè proprio nel gruppo la persona acquisisce nuove straordinarie possibilità.

Personalmente sono fermamente convinta che alla base di qualsiasi metodologia finalizzata a questo scopo ci debba essere l’Ascolto Attivo rogersiano. Il libro non parla di Ascolto Attivo, ma sottolinea che occorre che l’adulto impari a mettersi in ascolto dei bambini e dei ragazzi, per porsi accanto a questi come facilitatore, come regista, mettendo da parte la propria radicata ansia interventista. “Con gli altri imparo” rappresenta la dimostrazione pratica e semplice che un buon apprendimento nasce quando i soggetti la realizzano da loro stessi senza interferenze esterne e soprattutto senza i giudizi e le colpevolizzazioni che gli adulti inevitabilmente portano.

Oltre alla parte teorica, in cui pratiche pedagogiche, osservazione diretta e ragionamenti di buon senso si supportano fra di loro, viene presentata una serie di attività pratiche che possono rendere più promettente la vita del gruppo di bimbi/ragazzi e, a parer mio, in qualche caso anche degli adulti: attività per conoscersi, per facilitare la comunicazione, per creare e consolidare appartenenza, fiducia e cooperazione nel gruppo. Infine viene presentato il metodo “Litigare bene”, poiché, dopo aver costruito il senso di appartenenza al gruppo, è di estrema importanza educare ai conflitti. Purtroppo quest’ultima parola viene a sproposito collegata al termine di violenza nel nostro immaginario collettivo, anche a causa dell’uso distorto che ne fanno i mass media. Invece imparare a stare nel conflitto e a gestirlo è proprio il rimedio all’uso della violenza, in qualunque sua forma. Così scrive Novara: “Tutta la nostra vita esprime la necessità, il tentativo, il bisogno di so-stare nel conflitto. Se lo facciamo bene portiamo avanti la nostra esistenza, sviluppiamo apprendimenti; se invece ci sottraiamo a questo compito, trasgrediamo all’esigenza umana di andare avanti, crescere e raggiungere le parti più autentiche e profonde di noi stessi”.

Basterebbe insegnare a noi stessi e poi ai bambini e ai ragazzi di oggi queste capacità prosociali per creare una società meno individualista, meno violenta e per risolvere nel mondo della scuola una enormità di problemi che ci assillano, dal fenomeno del bullismo fino a quella mancanza di coesione educativa fra genitori ed educatori di cui non ci si fa carico se non attraverso aridi ragionamenti teorici sull’incapacità attuale di educare i giovani da parte della componente genitore e della componente docenti. Apprendere a cooperare e  a mettere il bene comune accanto al proprio soddisfacimento personale è ciò che può guarire le ferite di questa società.

CON GLI ALTRI IMPARO Far funzionare la classe come gruppo di apprendimento, di Daniele Novara e Elena Passerini, Ed. Erickson, 2015.

È segnalato in Arkani segnali perché questo lavoro con i bambini e con i ragazzi, sviluppato nel libro anche in modo molto pratico, si integra in modo armonico con il compito sociale e con le metodiche che Arka ha deciso di assumere e diffondere.

È segnalato per tutti coloro che lavorano coi bambini e con i ragazzi ed è ricco di spunti utili per qualsiasi counselor che lavori con i gruppi anche di adulti.

Ho scelto questa mia foto: ecco una tuia, pianta sacra di alcune popolazioni dell’America del Nord. L’ho fotografata nel meraviglioso parco di Levico Terme.  Queste piante, molto diffuse in Italia, ma che noi vediamo soltanto costrette in siepi geometricamente ritagliate e rigidamente allineate dall’uomo, in questo parco possono assumere grandi dimensioni, tanto che dalle loro radici si sviluppano nuovi fusti che si innalzano verso il cielo. Quella nella foto infatti è un’unica pianta, che esternamente si sviluppa liberamente in un gigantesco e fitto cono esprimendo tutta la sua incredibile, rigogliosa, straordinaria potenzialità, grazie al fatto che le vengono fornite le buone Cure e lo spazio indispensabile per potersi espandere. Così vorrei che potesse crescere ogni bambino su questa Terra.

di Paola Remonti

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